How to measure wind speed and direction?

	How to measure wind speed and direction? Asked By: jasin - 7/6/2007

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As answered above Wind direction is measured with a wind vane. Wind speed is measured with an anemometer. As a skywarn spotter I need to depend on the right equipment for the job, Just like a mechanic uses high quality tools from Snap-On, Matco or Mac tools. If you are looking to purchas this equipment I have had the oppertunity to test many makes and models of this type of equipment. the all around best equipment for the price can be found at http://www.inspeed.com/ I recomend the vortex anemometer some other links which have just as good of equipment are http://www.westmarine.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/SiteSearchView?catalogId=10001&Ntx=mode+matchallpartial&keyword=wind+&Ntt=wind&N=377+710&storeId=10001&Ntk=Primary+Search&ddkey=SiteSearch http://www.windandweather.com/cgi-bin/wind/Weather_Instruments___Wind_Gauges?SessionID=QAZKeNyS http://www.windandweather.com/cgi-bin/wind/Weather_Instruments___Wind_Gauges?SessionID=QAZKeNyS www.ambientweather.com/wiwiin.html http://www.amazon.com/b?ie=UTF8&node=13825011 Answered By: Freight_Train - 7/6/2007

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Meteorological instruments to measure wind speed and direction ; Local sensing techniques ; Anemometer (measures wind speed, either directly, e.g. with rotating cups, or indirectly, e.g. via pressure differences or the propagation speed of ultrasound signals) ; An anemometer is a device for measuring the velocity or the pressure of the wind, and is one instrument used in a weather station. The term is derived from the Greek word, anemos, meaning wind. Anemometers can be divided into two classes: those that measure the velocity of the wind, and those that measure the pressure of the wind, but as there is a close connection between the pressure and the velocity and a suitable anemometer of either class will give information about both these quantities. Velocity anemometers ; -Cup anemometers -Windmill anemometers -Hot-wire anemometers -Laser Doppler anemometers -Sonic anemometers Pressure anemometers ; -Plate anemometers -Tube anemometers Rawinsonde (GPS-based wind measurement is performed by the probe) ; A radiosonde is a unit for use in weather balloons that measures various atmospheric parameters and transmits them to a fixed receiver. Radiosondes may operate at a radio frequency of 403 MHz or 1680 MHz and both types may be adjusted slightly higher or lower as required. A rawinsonde is a radiosonde that is designed to also measure wind speed and direction. Colloquially, rawinsondes are usually referred to as radiosondes. Radiosonde was invented and launched for the first time by Soviet meteorologist Pavel Molchanov on January 30, 1930. Named "271120", it was released 13:44 Moscow Time in Pavlovsk, USSR from the Main Geophysical Observatory and reached a height of 7.8 kilometers measuring temperature there (-40.7 °C). 32 minutes after the launch radiosonde sent the first aerological message to the Leningrad Weather Bureau and Moscow Central Forecast Institute. Modern radiosondes measure or calculate the following variables: -Pressure -Altitude -Geographical position (Latitude/Longitude) -Temperature -Relative humidity -Wind speed and direction Less commonly, radiosondes may also measure ozone concentration. Weather balloon (passive measurement, balloon position is tracked from the ground visually or via radar; wind profile is computed from drift rate and the theoretical speed of ascent) ; A weather or sounding balloon is a balloon which carries instruments aloft to send back information on atmospheric pressure, temperature, and humidity by means of a small, expendable measuring device called a radiosonde. To obtain wind data, they can be tracked by radar, radio direction finding, or navigation systems (such as the satellite based Global Positioning System). Weather vane (used to indicate wind direction) ; A weather vane, also called a wind vane, is a movable device attached to an elevated object such as a roof for showing the direction of the wind. Very often these are in the shape of cockerels and are called weather cocks. Arrows are also popular, but a multitude of designs have been used. Types of vanes ; -Aerovane -Weather vane -Weather cock Windsock (primarily used to indicate wind direction, may also be used to estimate wind speed by its angle) ; A windsock or wind cone is a conical textile tube designed to indicate wind direction and relative wind speed. Windsocks typically are used at airports and in chemical plants in which there is risk of gaseous leakage. They are sometimes located alongside highways at windy locations. Pitot tubes ; A Pitot (IPA: [pito]) tube is a pressure measuring instrument used to measure fluid flow velocity, and more specifically, used to determine the airspeed of an aircraft. The Pitot tube was invented by Italian-born French engineer Henri Pitot in the early 1700s, and was modified to its modern form in the mid 1800s by French scientist Henry Darcy. *Beaufort scale ; The Beaufort scale is an empirical measure for describing wind intensity based mainly on observed sea conditions. Its full name is the Beaufort wind force scale. In 1805, the British Admiral Sir Francis Beaufort devised a scale for measuring winds at sea by observing their effects on sailing ships and waves. Beaufort's scale was later adapted for use on land and is still used today by many weather stations. Wind strenghts are based on 13-point scale ; -Force 0 (calm) -Force 1 (light air) -Force 2 (light breeze) -Force 3 (gentle breeze) -Force 4 (moderate breeze) -Force 5 (fresh breeze) -Force 6 (strong breeze) -Force 7 (near gale) -Force 8 (gale) -Force 9 (strong gale) -Force 10 (storm) -Force 11 (violent storm) -Force 12 (hurricane). Answered By: Ragnarok - 7/9/2007

Weather Vanes Weather vanes are one of the oldest of all weather instruments, working by swinging around in the wind to show which direction it is blowing from. Traditionally, weather vanes had a religious importance and appeared in the form of weathercocks on church roofs as early as the 9th Century AD. The head of the cockerel would point into the wind, indicating the direction the wind was blowing from. Weather vanes now appear in a wide variety of forms and it is even possible to make your own. Keep an eye out for weather vanes and see how many different types you see. What is the most common shape for a weather vane – is it still the cockerel? Wind Socks Another device used to measure the wind is a wind sock. This instrument is found mainly at airports, seaports and other open areas such as mountain roads where a very visual indication of the wind is needed. Wind socks actually show both the direction and speed of the wind. The direction is shown when the wind blows into the open end and the sock points the way the wind is blowing. An indication of wind strength is given by the shape and movement of the wind sock. If it is flapping about gently the wind is only light, whereas if it sticks out in a straight line the wind is much stronger. This information is very useful to people on both ships and planes, and sometimes to car drivers too. If you want to discover more about wind socks, why not make one for yourself? Wind speed... Anemometer The main instrument used to measure the speed of the wind is an anemometer. The little cups on this device catch the wind and spin round at different speeds according to the strength of the wind. A recording device is used to count how many times they spin round in a given time. If you have ever seen an anemometer, you will have noticed that the cups spin round very fast in a strong breeze. Why don’t you make your own to test this out for yourself? Alternatively, you can have a a closer look at an anemometer in the Wind section of the Activities page. There you'll be able to spin one for yourself! Beaufort Scale It is also possible to measure the speed of the wind by looking at its effects on the local environment. In 1805, Admiral Francis Beaufort invented a scale of this type for measuring winds at sea by describing their effect on ships and waves. His scale was later adapted for use on land, and the same system is still used by many weather stations today. Click here to find out more about the Beaufort Scale. Answered By: marcus79 - 7/8/2007

Wind direction is measured with a wind vane. Wind speed is measured with an anemometer. Answered By: science teacher - 7/6/2007

Depends what you want to do it for. As mentioned, and anemometer and wind vane are the instruments. The easiest, and most cost efficient method is to buy a home weather station with these instruments in them. The sensors are mounted remotely, and transmit data wirelessly to a base station, where you can view it - or transit it to a computer. See http://www.weatherconnect.com to buy one. Answered By: High School AP Chem. student - 7/6/2007

Regular data on wind speed and wind direction is required not only by meteorological stations throughout the world, for general forecasting and weather records, but specifically by airport and marine authorities, civil engineers and contractors on major projects, agriculturists, sport and outdoor event promoters, holiday tour operators, resort managers and many more. The form of data required will depend on individual needs. However, the range of instruments available from Munro covers every sensing, measuring, indicating, recording and warning applications relevant to wind conditions. Munro instruments meet British Meteorological Office and other international specifications, wherever applicable. The Munro IM146 System is an all-embracing concept that incorporates a wide range of proven equipment for measuring and recording wind speed and direction. The various system components provide the utmost flexibility in planning, whether requirements are of the simplest kind, or the objective is a major installation with comprehensive facilities. At the heart of any system is the Wind Speed Sensor, a Cup Anemometer and Generator, which may be used alone, but is normally operated in combination with a Wind Direction Sensor as a complete dual in-line unit. Signals from these sensors are then transmitted to indicators, recorders or other instruments of choice, which may be remote from the sensing units. The range of equipment which may be incorporated as part of an overall Munro IM146 System, is described in this catalogue Answered By: tintin - 7/6/2007

Anemometer and wind vane respectively Answered By: rosie recipe - 7/6/2007

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