A transcript is an ordered list of what you have done in high school. Usually these are listed by years, and each class is named with a title, like "British Literature" or "US History." One year's worth of one class is a Carnegie unit or credit hour. It usually takes between 20 and 24 credit hours to complete a high school diploma. That is about 4 courses and one elective/art/music/sport per year
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_hours That all works fine if you are using a regular curriculum because youhave a list of textbooks and know how much work goes into "one year's worth." You can still mix and match two half-years, like a half-year of civics and a half year of psychology and have it count as one social studies credit total.
If you are an unschooler or eclectic schooler, it gets a bit trickier because you have to determine what counts as a credit hour. If you want to count your part-time job at McDonalds as *Vocational Food Services* or your backyard garden as *Horticulture* then you can do that, but the rule of thumb is that such "lab work" classes require twice as much time as bookwork classes to earn the same value of credit.
If you did something like volunteer at a nursing home, you could choose several titles for that "class" depending upon what you wanted to major in at college. It could be listed as community service, or vocational home economics, or health sciences, or social work.
It is really hard to pull together an unschooling style transcript if you haven't been keeping any records as you went along. We used textbooks for math and science but unschooled everything else. Keeping up on the math and science section of the transcript took about ten minutes a year. Keeping track of everything else took hours.
Many homeschoolers who do not used a fixed curriculum find that it is easier to organize a transcript by subject than by the year. Instead of having four main sections listing all your freshman classes and then all your sophomore classes, etc. you arrange the transcript into five main sections with all the 1. Language Arts, 2. Social Studies, 3. Math, 4. Science and 5. Electives (Maybe a 6. religious studies if you did enough for a separate category, otherwise put it under social studies.) This kind of organization works especially well if there is something that you did just once or twice a month but for several years. For example, my son was usually in a Christmas play, and Easter skit and helped with puppets a couple times a year. He read a book about stagecraft and we combined all of that into one "drama class" credit, even though it covered four and a half years in real time. One good way to judge if you could assign credit to something is to imagine that you are being interviewed for college admissions; would you be able to give a good defense of what you learned? If yes, put in on the transcript. It can be hard to figure out a grade for situations like that sometimes, but core courses need grades. You can sometimes do pass/fail on minor classes like Phys Ed, but do not include P/F grades in figuring the GPA.
You will need to indicate full legal name, current address, gender, birth date, graduation date, and—many people have different views on this—but choose one: parents/legal guardians or homeschool administrator. (Do you want your mom listed as "Mother" or as "Teacher" there are pro and con arguments both ways.) You will need to include a social security number at many schools and at all where you want to apply for a scholarship or financial aid. You also need to explain how you calculated the GPA , if A=4, B=3, etc. or if you did it another way. You can list clubs and activities too if you want, but it should fit on one sheet of paper.
Finally, it has to be signed and dated by the adult who oversaw your education to qualify as an "officiall" copy.