As far as taxes go:
the person who earns the money is responsible for any taxes owed on it... most minors do NOT work enough to owe any taxes and many do not work enough to even need to file (unless they have taxes paid in that they can have refunded)
as far as working is concerned:
In the US at any age
you can work at a business that is owned or operated by your parents
you can work as an actor/ress in movie, theater, radio, or TV
At the age of 12 in MOST states;
you can work on a family owned/private farm picking or selling fruits or vegetables (can NOT use power equipment)...
you can caddy at a golf course...
you can deliver newspapers/periodicals (can NOT sell door-to-door)...
you can referee/umpire in a municipal league (must be non-profit or city/county run)...
you can always do casual labor (working in a private home) such as
baby-sitting
pet-sitting
house cleaning
yard work
running errands
tutoring
etcetera.....
Click on the following link for information about child labor laws such as the number of hours allowed, when you can work, what jobs you can do, and which states require a work permit for minors:
http://www.youthrules.dol.gov US Department of Labor
YouthRules
in general a minor 14 or older may be gainfully employed (work in a business location) such as an:
Office,
Grocery store,
Retail store,
Restaurant,
Movie Theater,
Baseball Park,
Amusement park, or
Gasoline service station (NOT in the garage area)
BUT due to the high unemployment rate at this time it is difficult for minors to get a job.........the jobs that use to be held by teens and retirees are now being taken by adults trying to support their families.........however it does look like things are getting MUCH BETTER for minors looking for work......
Fast-food and grocery stores are willing and able to train new employees but...
Minors tend to have many issues that affect their ability to work such as tardiness, absenteeism, and numerous schedule requests, poor work-ethic etcetera.
I am NOT implying you will have those issues but the fact that many your age do makes it more difficult for you to get an opportunity to prove your worth.
Most businesses are individually owned and operated so it is the owner’s policy and past experience with minors that will determine if they will hire you. Apply everywhere you can, the worse that can happen is they don't hire you.
Businesses such as Publix, Kroger's, Food Lion, Sonic, Chic-Fill-A, McDonald's, Winn-Dixie, Krystal's, Dairy Queen, and Burger King along with smaller local businesses that are in the same genre tend to hire those your age.
Remember just because they legally can hire you does NOT mean they have to hire you or they will hire you. A lot depends on the employment outlook in your area, and the past luck (good or bad) the employer has had employing minors.